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I N T R O D U C T O R Y S T A T E M E N T |
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following reports are compiled from the records of Academy Transactions,
Studio Enquiries, Demonstrations, Tests, prepared papers and discussions
on the subject of Incandescent (Mazda) Illumination, conducted by the Academy
of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences in cooperation with the American Society
of Cinematographers and the Association of Motion Picture Producers, during
the months of January, February, March and April, 1928. The Records
start with excerpts from the minutes of the monthly meeting of the Technicians'
Branch of the Academy, November 16, 1927, when the project of incandescent
illumination investigations had its inception, and ends with a transcript
of the proceedings of the final Academy meeting, April 20. when the investigations
closed for the present. There are also added an Appendix of papers submitted
after the investigations closed and a Bibliography of publications referring
to the subject of incandescent and other illumination, together with a corrected
list of Academy officers and members as of July 1, 1928. The results
of nearly four months of intensive study, here presented, while in no way
intended to be final or conclusive, have been manifold and valuable to the
industry. Cinematographers, technicians and directors have become acquainted
with the new form of illumination; the value and present limitations of
incandescent lighting have been revealed; lamps, carbons and equipment for
both Mazda and arc illumination have been vastly improved; make-up of artists
has been corrected, and, finally, the Academy has demonstrated its utility
in helping to solve a practical problem in motion picture economy, science
and art of great value to the industry as a whole. These
are concrete, constructive achievements. There is one other result of equal
importance that cannot be measured on a cost or quality basis, and that
is the effect on the morale of the profession as demonstrated by the fine
spirit of co-operation and harmony with which various organizations, corporations
and individuals joined together in striving for a common object. |
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T H A N K S O F T H E A C A D E M Y |
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Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences is indebted to the American
Society of Cinematographers and the Association of Motion Picture Producers
for active co-operation and joint responsibility in the conduct of the investigations
herein recorded. Acknowledgement is also due to many other organizations,
corporations and individuals for contributions of material, services and
generous assistance, especially to Warner Bros., who gave over the use of
their studio for a period of two months. Following
is a list of those not members to whom the Academy expresses its warm thanks
and appreciation |
American Society
of Cinematographers. Association of Motion Picture Producers. National Lamp Works of General Electric Make-Up Artists' Association. Society of Motion Picture Engineers. General Electric Company. Keese Engineering Company (Cooper-Hewitt). National Carbon Company. Garden Court Apartments. Cecil B. De Mille studio laboratory. Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer laboratory. Paramount-Famous Lasky laboratory. William Fox Vaudeville Company. United Artists' Studio Corporation. Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Corporation. Universal Pictures Corporation. Warner Bros.' Laboratory. William Fox laboratory. First National laboratory. Cecil B. De Mille Pictures Corporation. |
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| Mole-Richardson,
Inc. Deitz Lamp Co. Eastman Kodak Co. Frank Murphy. Fred Gage. Peter Mole. E. O. Guerney. Max Factor. J. E. Brulatour. W. B. Rayton. E. W. Beggs. Bert Deleray. I. H. Van Horn. Dr. M. Luckiesh. John W. Boyle. W. L. Stern. Creco, Inc. |
Doraldina, Inc.
Willard B. Cook. A. C. Downes. L. A. Jones. L. A. Hawkins. L. C. Porter. J. I. Crabtree. Daniel B. Clark. Frank Good. R. E. Farnham. R. E. Connor. Dr. C. E. K. Mees. Roosevelt Hotel. Smith & Aller. Hal Roach Studios. Universal lab. Hal Roach lab. |
First National Productions
Corporation. Paramount-Famous Lasky Corporation. United Artists' laboratory. Agfa Raw Film Corporation. Dupont Film Company. Bausch & Lomb Optical Co. Consolidated Film Industries, Inc. Pacific Title and Art Studio. Warner Bros.' Pictures, Inc. Roy Davidge Film Laboratory. Tremont Film Laboratories. Bennett Film Laboratories. George Schneiderman. Central Casting Bureau. |
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TESTS AND DEMONSTRATIONS |
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The series
of tests and demonstrations for thebenefit of cinematographers and other
technicians in the industry, and to ascertain the value and availability
of Mazda and Incandescent Illumination as compared to Arc Lighting, was
commenced the night of January 18, 1928, and lasted until March, 1928, in
Warner Bros. studio, generously tendered to the Academy by Mr. Jack Warner.
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...
A sub-committee consisting of Louis Kolb and Peter Mole had charge of the
electrical equipment of the Garden Court demonstration. The first two night
demonstrations and the last outdoor demonstration included comparative shots
with both Arc and Incandescent illumination... |
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[18] |
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EXHIBITION OF TEST FILMS |
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| The
formal exhibition of the test films took place at the Hollywood Chamber
of Commerce the night of April 17, 1928. The secretary of the Academy opened
the meeting by introducing Mr. Dan Clark, President of the American Society
of Cinematographers as chairman of the evening....QUESTION:
What stock is it printed on? MR. CLARK:
Each negative was printed on its relative stock. MR. WOODS:
I would like to ask for an explanation of what caused the circles and shadows
in the test taken at the Roosevelt hotel. MR. CLARK:
Mr. Mole, will you answer that? MR. MOLE:
I know what you mean; the little spots. It is a reflection in the lenses
from the side lights... |
...MR.
ASH: What mode is there of preventing a leak on Mazda? In lighting some
of the sets with Mazda lamps I notice quite a diffusion of light coming
from the front part. MR. MOLE:
That has been practically overcome by the use of spill rings and also by
use of a spherical mirror in front of the lamps. QUESTION:
Were the same lamps used throughout? MR. MOLE:
Every unit, I believe, of Mazda equipment so far presented, was used during
these tests. We used the units that were available for the Mazda and Arc
lighting, as well as the Cooper Hewitts... |
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[21] |
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APPENDIX |
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| As
emphasized in the Introductory Statement of this Academy Report, and repeated
in other parts of the book, the researches, proceedings and transactions.
of the Academy in relation to Incandescent Illumination contained in the
foregoing pages are not meant to be in any way final or conclusive as to
results. It is enough that present developments in illumination problems
are made fairly clear. These developments are continuing and will certainly
so continue indefinitely. The Academy has effected only a beginning. |
PRESENT EQUIPMENTThe material
in the following section of the Appendix was gathered in response to a demand
for photographs and descriptions of the various types and models of Incandescent
equipment available for use. Manufacturers known to the Academy were solicited.
The photographs and descriptions which follow are available through the
co-operation of First National Productions Corporation, Mole-Richardson,
Inc., Creco, Inc., and Gustav Deitz. |
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[67] |
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TYPES OF INCANDESCENT EQUIPMENT MANUFACTURED BY MOLE-RICHARSON, INC. |
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 [68] |
 [69] |
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TYPES OF INCANDESCENT EQUIPMENT MANUFACTURED BY CRECO INCORPORATED |
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 [70] |
 [71] |
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TYPES OF INCANDESCENT EQUIPMENT MANUFACTURED BY FIRST NATIONAL PRODUCITONS CORP (NOT FOR SALE) |
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 [72] |
 [73] |
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TYPES OF INCANDESCENT EQUIPMENT MANUFACTURED BY GUSTAV DEITZ |
 [74] |
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| Courtesy of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts & Sciences |
